10 Christopher Columbus Facts

An Analysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz- When I Died and Jilting...

In the article â€Å"Human Salvation in an Evolutionary World: An Exploration in Christian Naturalism† by Karl Peters, Peters states salvations is â€Å"not primarily to a future life after death but a transformation in this life of both ourselves and this world† (Peters, 845). Salvation is not only something that can be found after death; people can finds salvation at any point by deciding to make a transformation in their lives to better themselves as well as the world around them. However, most humans seek salvation to find solace in the critical moment of their death; individuals find comfort in the belief of life after death or an eternal sole. Several people find salvation through religious means. In Christianity, salvation is reached through†¦show more content†¦I must have told you that a thousand times’† (Porter, 81). No one around her grasps the intellect behind her thoughts; it is as if she is stuck in her own head. Porter’s use o f dialogue aids her usage of the stream of consciousness technique. Many times granny will think she is saying something aloud, but she is not, â€Å"She thought she spoke up loudly but no one answered† (Porter, 83). This emphasizes the importance of reality vs thought; what is really going on vs what is going on in Granny’s head. Another style technique Porter uses is irony. Granny is upset because God has â€Å"taken [her] by surprise† (Porter, 85). This is ironic because that morning Granny decided to â€Å"Let [death] take care of itself† (Porter, 81). Another example of irony, as stated by Barbra Laman in â€Å"Porter’s The Jilting of Granny Weatherall†, is Granny’s â€Å"Futile contest with an absent male god† (Laman, 281). Granny has never gotten over being jilted by George, even though she wants to tell him she â€Å"was given back everything he took away and more† (Porter, 83) she is still hurt and embarrassed b y what he did to her. She knows that thinking of George is a bad thing because, thinking of him plants â€Å"her soul in the deep pit of hell† (Porter, 82). Granny is unable to forgive George for jilting her and ironically is jilted again by God as a result. Granny’s inability to see God in the physical form leads her to act drastically,

Psychology Individual Differences

Question: Discuss about the Psychology for Individual Differences. Answer: Introduction Intelligence among humans is a very long sought topic of interest to the researchers. In general terms intelligence refers to the ability of a person to acquire knowledge, utilize and apply the knowledge and involve in abstract reasoning. The intellect of an individual is a direct harbinger of ones state of well being and mental health status. Psychologists have devised a novel technique to measure the intelligent score of a person by virtue of intelligent quotient (IQ). Testing of the IQ in a person renders useful insight into the genetic inheritance of intelligence. Apart from the hereditary component certain environmental and biological factors play significant contribution towards improved intelligence in persons. Parental encouragement, a stimulating surrounding, good reasoning skills, and repeated practice account for improved intelligence in persons. Additionally, biological factors pertaining to nutritional status (particularly in early childhood), prenatal care, devoid of an y sort of disease, physical trauma or any other co-morbidities also determines the expression of intelligence apart from health and wellness. The concept of intelligence is a multifaceted one and essentially comprises of numerous intermittent constituents encompassing verbal, numerical, reasoning, spatial, perceptual speed, fluency. Cattell proposed intelligence in terms of coining the terms for fluid and crystallized intelligence (Jewsbury, Bowden Duff, 2016). On the other hand, Gardener put forwarded the ideas of linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal that may be understood in the light of intelligence concept. However the difficulties in measuring intelligence emanate from the individual differences in cognitive abilities that often do not reflect in the test score. In this context, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory may be mentioned that is based on the structure of human cognitive abilities. The vital componen ts of individual differences that underpin the performance of an individual in cognitive test form the basis of the CHC theory. The psychometric approach as followed in the influential CHC theory accounts for the individual difference in abilities thereby facilitating the study on human intelligence (Shum et al., 2013). CHC theory was formed out of conglomeration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the Gf-Gc theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence as well as Carrolls Three Stratum Theory, a hierarchical three stratum framework of intelligence. Following, proportionate similarities between the two past theories; they were effectively amalgamated to result in the CHC theory. Nowadays CHC theory has been widely reckoned and deeply regarded as the most comprehensive and empirically backed theory of cognitive abilities and contributes towards valuable inputs in terms of testing the IQ scores. Profile score of Intelligence In psychological experiments and experimental analysis profile score is a widely used tool to measure the level of intelligence in a concerned person considering a number of pertinent factors that directly relate with the individuals cognitive abilities and perceptions measured through valid indicators and test predictors. Profile scores are evaluated in conjunction with the personality types that in turn predict the behavioral items. The purpose of the profile score is to analyze and find out whether profile in one or two test takers varies significantly. The personality profile depicts the individual persons positioning with respect to the multiple trait dimensions and allow for the measurement of profile similarity for distinct persons (Borkenau Leising, 2016). However, the concept of profile score is very much complex as it is dependent upon factors concerning numerous issues. In the context of intelligence evaluation, profile score has profound impact and importance. According to the CHC theory, three stratum model of cognitive abilities may be interpreted based upon general, broad and narrow cognitive abilities. Seventy narrow or specific abilities constitute the stratum one, eight primary second order abilities form the stratum two and finally the general intelligence form the stratum three. The broad cognitive abilities encompass a vast range including the fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, broad visual perception, broad auditory perception, general memory and learning, broad retrieval ability, braid cognitive speediness and finally processing speed. Intelligence analysis is a widely studied topic in modern research and profile score has been attributed with it to measure the level of intelligence (Mellers et al., 2015). The complexity of profile score may be indicated through understanding of the applications of the CHC theory. As per general notion, intelligence is perceived in terms of reading, writing and mathematics ability and failure to take into account these general cognitive capabilities connect with the learning disabilities and mental retardation eligibility. Therefore, the profile score may be utilized in this respect to assess the intelligence of an individual and corroboration of multiple factors into evaluation of this abstract attribute make it all the more complex. However, the significance of profile score cannot be negated in view of analyzing the intelligence in a person and hence demands insightful and careful prudence on the part of the psychologists and researchers to undertake a study in an effective manner. Strength and Weakness of Profile Score The role of psychometric analysis in assessing the outcomes of intelligence through expressions in terms of profile score may be understood through evaluation of the vital criteria like reliability, validity and reproducibility of the methods harbored. The involvement of several factors in the profile score linked to the assessment of intelligence in a person may be well addressed by weighed through its prospective advantages and disadvantages. The CHC theory is pivotal to the measurement of intelligence through profile score analysis. The strengths of profile score may be interpreted through evidences provided from empirical researches in support o the CHC theory under the categories consisting of structural, neurocognitive, heritability, developmental and outcome criterion. Structural analysis constitute evidences from factor analytic studies, outcome criteria concern evidences from differential linkages between several CHC abilities in conjunction with external outcomes involving reading, mathematics ability and occupation of the person. Neurocognitive component associates between CHC abilities and neurological operations. Differential inheritance pattern across populations distinctive to CHC abilities along with developmental outcomes with respect to different patterns of growth and decline across the life span may be understood as well referring to profile score. Pertaining to this context, the Wechsler tests that measure the general intelligence of a person may be mentioned where the tests appropriate to particular conditions and measuring the overall capability of an individual to understand and adapt to the surrounding environment. The Wechsler tests consist of a number of a range of tests concerning populations belonging to various age groups. For instance, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) are utilized repeatedly for psychometri c analysis. Thus the positive aspect of profile score highlights that the statement and response as designed in the study should match each other and thus essentially be understandable and unambiguous to all. Thus it imparts crucial role to identify and recognize definite learning disabilities and guide future interventions in practice (Miciak et al., 2014). Despite the benefits of profile score, there are limitations as well. The intra individual differences to varied cognitive abilities exhibited through profile score are not assessed effectively. The individual components during profile scoring need to be separately scrutinized so as to get an idea regarding the prevalence of the specific issues related to mental retardation and learning disabilities (Koriakin et al., 2016). The corroboration and correct interpretation of the data in case of scores differing by less than one standard deviation are required that is essential for any standard psychometric analytical tool. Drawback of single total score of IQ The level of intelligence occurring in a person is often linked to the score of his Intelligence Quotient (IQ). IQ scores enable the educators in detecting specific issues in pupils regarding their learning processes and adaptive strategies in response to changing environment. The identification of the prospective as well as the struggling students who encounter challenges in their daily discourse stood on the way of their emancipation of knowledge. However, often the IQ scores in the test subjects lead to production of negative outcomes in the pupils due to stereotyping and dearth of motivation generation in those pupils. Generally, this test score utilizes a standardized protocol to compare childrens abilities and performances by means of predicting the talent in the concerned students thereby helping the parents and teachers to tailor the educational plan customized to individual needs of the pupils (Ritchie t al., 2013). Classically the single test score of IQ generally gives add itional information concerning a range of IQ and not just merely a score. This range specification in case of the intelligence tests poses certain ambiguities and discrepancies in interpreting the findings. However, the IQ test scores are not full proof and have certain intrinsic limitations by means of restricting the peoples ideas to the concept of intelligence. Thus prediction of success often becomes faulty and misleading as the multidimensional aspect of intelligence is overlooked. The IQ test scores generally measure the verbal and logical-mathematical abilities in a person without emphasizing on the other crucial components of intelligence (McDermott, Watkins Rhoad 2014). The propositions made by American developmental psychologist Gardener in the year 1983 however stated nine types of intelligence among humans ranging from naturalist, musical, existential, logical-mathematical, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, linguistic, spatial and intrapersonal abilities in a person an d all of them are not adequately addressed and assessed in IQ test score. Hence a single total score of IQ is not good enough to measure the intelligence in a particular individual and necessitates the improvisation of a novel tool that will incorporate all nine documented types of intelligence a parameters for measurement. Another major drawback of the single score of IQ emanates from the difference within the same individual from results of different IQ tests. Lack of uniformity in the score though may be minimized by means of visualizing the score in terms of a specific range. Another test known as the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability utilizes the CHC theory as the basis of their working hypothesis, and providing cognitive scores to the users by virtue of the Cognitive Performance Model (CPM). Recent researches have indicated that this CPM acts as intermediate factors lying between the second and third strata of the CHC based theoretical model (Taub McGrew, 2014). An in depth analysis of all the associated factors and cognitive abilities are evaluated in this test concerning visual-spatial thinking, auditory processing, speed of processing, comprehensive knowledge, long term retrieval, short term memory, sped of processing, quantitative knowledge, along with reading and writing skills. As a result, a general intellectual ability (GIA) or a brief intellectual ability (BIA) is procured that in turn is indicative of a comprehensive analysis of a general ability (g). The scoring pattern in this test is applied via weighted combination of multiple tests that are believed to underpin all intellectual performances suggestive of a single common ability. Hence, the single total score of IQ obtained from the concerned test give a more generalized proof for judging ones intelligence rather than assessing the necessary attribute holistically. Implication of single and profile score on intelligence The implications for the various assessment tools for intelligence may be effectively understood in the light of CHC theory on cognitive abilities. The single IQ score on intelligence is an indicator of a persons intelligence as it showcases certain vital aspects of cognition that in turn account for improved intelligence in the individual through repeated practice and honing of the skills. A crucial consideration of IQ score pattern in individuals refers to the perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed and verbal comprehension components of cognitive abilities. Research has provided evidences for differential responses in IQ test based upon the gender, age, educational level and socio-economic condition (Ariffin et al., 2010). The profile score on the other hand encompass emotional intelligence component that addresses behavioral profile that renders a noncritical behavioral analysis of an individual in an effort to highlight his or her strengths and areas of forte. The personal profile analysis expressed in terms of profile scores thus provide a more insightful and individualized response specific to a particular given scenario (Legree, Mullins Psotka 2016). Researchers often utilize this mode of scoring to evaluate the personalized response of the person pertinent to a specific scenario which in turn enables the psychologists to plan effective treatment modalities for the distressed individuals accordingly. Thus intelligence although a very dichotomous and poorly understood concept, holds implications and potentials for future research and practice. Conclusion The variability of human nature and psychology seem to affect the fundamental parameters of a persons well being and mental status. The evaluation of the personality types based on the profile scores in conjunction with intelligence quotient (IQ) that reflects upon the level of understanding and logical reasoning skills in a person thus provides a thorough insight and rational for analyzing the responses of individuals relevant to specific circumstances and the subsequent coping strategies with the prevalent scenarios. The CHC theory is a very useful and case appropriate theory to assess the outcomes of the various types of cognitive abilities in a person. A holistic consideration of all the factors pertaining to the acquisition and development of skills in a person ranging from the general intelligence, sensory perceptions, concepts of crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence to other broad spectrum and narrow range abilities thus ensure an overall evaluation of an individua ls needs in the real world situations. In fine, it may be said despite the presence of a numerous tool and devises pertinent to the measurement of intelligence till date, yet the assessments made cannot be said to be conclusive and therefore requires constant evaluations for correctly interpreting the data obtained. Thus intelligence as perceived in general terms attributing to the specific skills such as reasoning and problem solving abilities, language acquisition and spatial manipulation must not be simply interpreted through IQ score as predictor of an individuals success and well-being. The impact of the genes and the interaction with the environments call for further probe into analyzing the intelligence component in a person which is in reality more complex than we can imagine or accurately interpret. Batteries of Psychometric tests trying to assess the intellect in a person hence need extensive research to provide empirical support and rationale behind the test execution inc lusive of all the essential factors that make up ones intellectual component. References Ariffin, S. R., Suppian, Z., Shahar, S. N., Majid, R., Yasin, S. F. M. (2010). Students Profile Score in Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) and Working Memory Index (WMI) for Intelligence Test.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,7, 77-81. Borkenau, P., Leising, D. (2016). A More Complete Picture of Personality What Analyses of Trait Profiles Have Told Us About Personality JudgmentSo Far.Current Directions in Psychological Science,25(4), 228-232. Jewsbury, P. A., Bowden, S. C., Duff, K. (2016). The CattellHornCarroll Model of Cognition for Clinical Assessment.Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 0734282916651360. Koriakin, T., White, E., Breaux, K. C., DeBiase, E., OBrien, R., Howell, M., Courville, T. (2016). Patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses and relationships to math errors.Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 0734282916669909. Legree, P. J., Mullins, H. M., Psotka, J. (2016). Comment: The ability model of emotional intelligence: Consistency with intelligence theory.Emotion Review, 1754073916650500. McDermott, P. A., Watkins, M. W., Rhoad, A. M. (2014). Whose IQ is it?Assessor bias variance in high-stakes psychological assessment.Psychological assessment,26(1), 207. Mellers, B., Stone, E., Atanasov, P., Rohrbaugh, N., Metz, S. E., Ungar, L., Tetlock, P. (2015). The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.Journal of experimental psychology: applied,21(1), 1. Miciak, J., Fletcher, J. M., Stuebing, K. K., Vaughn, S., Tolar, T. D. (2014). Patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses: Identification rates, agreement, and validity for learning disabilities identification.School Psychology Quarterly,29(1), 21. Ritchie, S. J., Bates, T. C., Der, G., Starr, J. M., Deary, I. J. (2013). Education is associated with higher later life IQ scores, but not with faster cognitive processing speed.Psychology and aging,28(2), 515. Shum, D., O'Gorman, J. G., Myors, B., Creed, P. A. (2013).Psychological testing and assessment. https://ukcatalogue. oup. com/product/9780195520415. do. Taub, G. E., McGrew, K. S. (2014). The WoodcockJohnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities IIIs Cognitive Performance Model Empirical Support for Intermediate Factors Within CHC Theory. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 32(3), 187-201.

Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc.

Because the Ready Case is the latest version of iPhone products introduced by Apple Corporation, the main task of the management team is to ensure the implementation of the corresponding techniques, tools, and processes for coordinating the work on a new business idea (Bygrave and Zacharakis 26). Because the technological advances constantly invade the market, the task of the management team is to attract the customers within the shortest period of time. In particular, it is necessary to introduce core business objectives and strategies.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The management team is composed of three departments – the marketing department, R D department, and Quality Assurance Department. All these divisions should contribute greatly to the development and immediate distribution products (Barringer and Ireland 15). Th e first step in launching the business concept involves organizing the advertising campaign. The marketing department, therefore, should work in cooperation with the R D department to grasp the entire idea about the Ready Case, including its advantages and disadvantages, as well as define which features are the most attractive ones for the buyers. With regard to the product description, the product will fit in a specific target group who searches for elegance, usability, and functionality. These features should be at the core of the business idea. The main task of R D department is to invest into the research on the mobile devices in related companies to assess the competitiveness of the proposed model and define what features should be presented during the advertising campaign. The second strategy should involve the development of new communication channels with the customers. Apart from creating the Internet posts and blogs, it is also possible to organize specialized crews that will work in the largest shops for conducting surveys. In this respect, the task of the marketing department is to develop a questionnaire that will be able to highlight the main customer’s needs and requirements. The questionnaire will specifically relate to the analysis of customer’s tastes and results. In addition, the management team can establish traditional and non-traditional retailing schemes. Finally, Quality Assurance department should take control of the production process to ensure that all the proposed features correspond to the official description. More importantly, the company should also introduce sufficient software for efficient information exchange between the consumers. The analysis of the project objectives should also be carried with regard to the quality standards. The managers of the department should also work on the development of new directions and strategies that will enhance the quality of the production.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizational Chart The efficiently structured organizational relations stand at the core of successful launching of a business idea into the market. The organizational chart, therefore, provides detailed information on the subordination schemes in a company. It also illustrates how a specific concept will be developed, as well as what responsibilities each department has to reach the objectives. The organizational chart presented below provides a clearer picture of the management team. In particular, the charts demonstrate the implementation of business plan is possible through coordination of three major departments – Marketing, R D, and Quality. As presented in the diagram, the marketing managers should be first to launch a new venture. They report directly to the advertising group and inform them about the main features that should be emphasized. The task of advertisers is to develop a creative concept that can be further advanced by the R D department. As soon as the idea is developed, the researchers should start conducting observations and scientific explorations to define what else could be advanced to attract the consumer demands. The data collected by this department is transmitted to the quality assurance specialist to verify the validity of the research. As soon as some pitfalls are detected, the Quality Assurance department provides corrections to the R D department for further analysis of the pitfalls. Finally, once the problems are defined and eliminated, the marketing department should introduce changes to advertising process, as well as distribute information through the established communication channels. Overall, the presented process creates the close cycle that is aimed at improving the business concept and increasing the quality of the product. The organizational chart, therefore, contributes to the expansion of the market segment and identification of potential buyers. Organizational Chart IS and Technology Plan Mission and Vision Statement The main scope of the venture consists in developing a multi-functional model for practical users who prefer using devices with built-in features (Bunton n. p.). The uniqueness of the product lies in a sophisticated synthesis of multiple functions and refined design of the Ready Case.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Needs Assessment The product is design for people who like travelling and want to take the minimum of items. Therefore, the proposed iPhone case should involve useful components that will allow the customer to get the maximum benefit from its application (Bunton n. p.). Technology Description With regard to the above-established mission and objectives, iPhone involves the following functions: Headphone clip to keep the things tidy. USB drive performs several functions. It can be used for its primary purpose to load information from the laptop and serve as kickstand for the iPhone with an adjustable angle. Quick snap functions can also be adjusted to a variety of lenses. Built-in knife is also a benefit for those who are fond of extreme travelling. The width of the device is only 3 mm. The phone is waterproof and it can be taken with consumers everywhere. IPhone is also very easy to use. Objectives Because the main purpose of a business venture is to attract the customer group that is interested in using multi-functional and reliable products while travelling, the main objectives are the following: Create a product that should be of high quality and at a moderate price; Introduce high level of usability; Combine functionality with refined design; Define a new customer base with specific needs and requirements; Create a technical support team for consumers to be able to ask questions concerning the usage of the device; Ensure professional training to the employees; Budgeting and Rationale The company should introduce appropriate budgeting to rearrange the production process and train the employees. The marketing and financial departments should be responsible for investing resource in research and development of new models, as well as introducing training programs for the employees. The advertising campaign should also be taken into consideration. Finally, there should also be resources for statistical data analysis, which can be efficiently introduced through high quality. Works Cited Barringer, Bruce and R. Duane Ireland. Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures. US: Prentice Hall, 2008. Print. Bunton, Cam. â€Å"Ready Case: The Ultimate All-in-one case for the iPhone 5†. Today’s iPhone. 2012. Web. Bygrave, William D. and Andrew Zacharakis. Entrepreneurship. US: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Print.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This case study on Ready Case Business Concept in Apple Inc. was written and submitted by user Parker Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.